Interpersonal Support and Depressive Tendencies among Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons in Barangay Fishing Village, Malita, Davao Occidental

Abstract

Depression increasingly compromises the quality of life and well-being of older adults, making it a pressing public health concern. Ageing is not merely a biological process, but a social journey shaped by cultural, emotional, and relational contexts. Gender plays a crucial role in this journey, influencing how individuals experience aging, access care, and receive support. Recognizing these dynamics fosters more inclusive societies where ageing is embraced with dignity and equity. This study examined depression symptoms, interpersonal support levels, and demographic profiles of 221 senior citizens in Barangay Fishing Village, Malita, Davao Occidental, Philippines, using a descriptive-correlational approach. Data were collected through modified versions of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (Cohen & Hoberman, 1983) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage & Sheikh, 1986). Findings revealed that elderly participants exhibited mild depression symptoms (M = 43.4) and a neutral level of interpersonal support (M=3.29). Notably, the sample was predominantly female, suggesting that gendered experiences may shape psychosocial outcomes. A strong relationship was found between interpersonal support and depression symptoms, with selfesteem and belonging support showing the most significant impact. To address these needs, the study recommends enhancing peer group programs, strengthening family and community support networks, and integrating psychological therapy into elderly health services. Special attention must be given to elderly women, who often face compounded vulnerabilities due to caregiving histories, economic insecurity, and social invisibility. Gender-responsive interventions are essential to ensure equitable and empowering support for all older adults.

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